DM 传统行业SQL优化案例
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来OB这么久还没有接触啥金融的SQL，只能发点其他行业的数据库SQL优化案例。?
今天拿到手的这个案例SQL 传统行业的，很奇葩的SQL，表设计三范式都没弄好。
什么医疗，交通，能源这些传统行业的业务设计，SQL语句最奇葩了，也挺好玩的，有挑战性。
慢SQL：
SELECT LI.STATUS, FI.SOFL_SEQ_NR ,PI.CLAZZ,PI.HV_TYPE
FROM LNF LI, PNF PI, FNF FI
WHERE 1=1
AND LI.ALN_CD = DECODE(FI.ALN_CD, 'OQ', 'CZ', FI.ALN_CD)
and li.dep_arp_cd = fi.act_dep_cd
and li.flt_nr = DECODE(fi.aln_cd,'OQ',substr(( select cz_flt_nr from OQ_FLT_INFO oq where substr(oq.oq_flt_nr,3,4)= fi.flt_nr) ,3,4), fi.flt_nr)
and li.FLT_DT=FI.FLT_DT
AND LI.FK_PSGR_ID = PI.PSGR_ID
AND (PI.HV_TYPE IS NOT NULL OR PI.CLAZZ IN ('F', 'F1', 'J', 'C', 'D', 'I', 'O'))
and FI.FLT_DT=date'2024-04-01'
and FI.SCH_DEP_CD='CAN'
ORDER BY FI.SOFL_SEQ_NR ;
执行时间：
执行计划（看不看得懂随缘、反正我没看）：
1 #NSET2: [2903, 556029, 632] 2 #PIPE2: [2903, 556029, 632] 3 #PIPE2: [2901, 556029, 632] 4 #PRJT2: [2899, 556029, 632]; exp_num(4), is_atom(FALSE) 5 #SORT3: [2899, 556029, 632]; key_num(1), is_distinct(FALSE), top_flag(0), is_adaptive(0) 6 #UNION FOR OR2: [2788, 556029, 632]; key_num(0), outer_join(-) 7 #SLCT2: [1334, 278014, 632]; LI.FLT_NR = exp_simple_case 8 #HASH2 INNER JOIN: [1334, 278014, 632]; KEY_NUM(2); KEY(FI.ACT_DEP_CD=LI.DEP_ARP_CD AND exp_simple_case=LI.ALN_CD) KEY_NULL_EQU(0, 0) 9 #BLKUP2: [1, 385, 247]; IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FI) 10 #SSEK2: [1, 385, 247]; scan_type(ASC), IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FNF as FI), scan_range[(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',min),(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',max)) 11 #SLCT2: [1324, 37479, 385]; NOT(PI.HV_TYPE IS NULL) 12 #HASH2 INNER JOIN: [1324, 37479, 385]; RKEY_UNIQUE KEY_NUM(1); KEY(LI.FK_PSGR_ID=PI.PSGR_ID) KEY_NULL_EQU(0) 13 #SLCT2: [1324, 37479, 385]; NOT(PI.HV_TYPE IS NULL) 14 #NEST LOOP INDEX JOIN2: [1324, 37479, 385] 15 #ACTRL: [1324, 37479, 385]; 16 #BLKUP2: [1049, 37479, 247]; INDEX_LU_INTO_TAG_0416(LI) 17 #SLCT2: [1049, 37479, 247]; LI.FLT_DT = var3 18 #SSCN: [1049, 37479, 247]; INDEX_LU_INTO_TAG_0416(LNF as LI); btr_scan(1) 19 #BLKUP2: [244, 1, 30]; INDEX33555482(PI) 20 #SSEK2: [244, 1, 30]; scan_type(ASC), INDEX33555482(PNF as PI), scan_range[LI.FK_PSGR_ID,LI.FK_PSGR_ID] 21 #CSCN2: [475, 3573399, 138]; INDEX33555481(PNF as PI); btr_scan(1) 22 #SLCT2: [1334, 278014, 632]; LI.FLT_NR = exp_simple_case 23 #HASH2 INNER JOIN: [1334, 278014, 632]; KEY_NUM(2); KEY(FI.ACT_DEP_CD=LI.DEP_ARP_CD AND exp_simple_case=LI.ALN_CD) KEY_NULL_EQU(0, 0) 24 #BLKUP2: [1, 385, 247]; IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FI) 25 #SSEK2: [1, 385, 247]; scan_type(ASC), IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FNF as FI), scan_range[(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',min),(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',max)) 26 #SLCT2: [1324, 37479, 385]; (exp11 AND PI.CLAZZ IN LIST) 27 #HASH2 INNER JOIN: [1324, 37479, 385]; RKEY_UNIQUE KEY_NUM(1); KEY(LI.FK_PSGR_ID=PI.PSGR_ID) KEY_NULL_EQU(0) 28 #SLCT2: [1324, 37479, 385]; (exp11 AND PI.CLAZZ IN LIST) 29 #NEST LOOP INDEX JOIN2: [1324, 37479, 385] 30 #ACTRL: [1324, 37479, 385]; 31 #BLKUP2: [1049, 37479, 247]; INDEX_LU_INTO_TAG_0416(LI) 32 #SLCT2: [1049, 37479, 247]; LI.FLT_DT = var4 33 #SSCN: [1049, 37479, 247]; INDEX_LU_INTO_TAG_0416(LNF as LI); btr_scan(1) 34 #BLKUP2: [244, 1, 30]; INDEX33555482(PI) 35 #SSEK2: [244, 1, 30]; scan_type(ASC), INDEX33555482(PNF as PI), scan_range[LI.FK_PSGR_ID,LI.FK_PSGR_ID] 36 #CSCN2: [475, 3573399, 138]; INDEX33555481(PNF as PI); btr_scan(1) 37 #SPL2: [1, 279, 343]; key_num(2), spool_num(1), is_atom(FALSE), has_var(0), sites(-) 38 #PRJT2: [1, 279, 343]; exp_num(2), is_atom(FALSE) 39 #HASH2 INNER JOIN: [1, 279, 343]; KEY_NUM(1); KEY(exp11=FI.FLT_NR) KEY_NULL_EQU(0) 40 #CSCN2: [1, 279, 96]; INDEX33555478(OQ_FLT_INFO as OQ); btr_scan(1) 41 #BLKUP2: [1, 385, 247]; IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FI) 42 #SSEK2: [1, 385, 247]; scan_type(ASC), IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FNF as FI), scan_range[(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',min),(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',max)) 43 #SPL2: [1, 279, 343]; key_num(2), spool_num(0), is_atom(FALSE), has_var(0), sites(-) 44 #PRJT2: [1, 279, 343]; exp_num(2), is_atom(FALSE) 45 #HASH2 INNER JOIN: [1, 279, 343]; KEY_NUM(1); KEY(exp11=FI.FLT_NR) KEY_NULL_EQU(0) 46 #CSCN2: [1, 279, 96]; INDEX33555478(OQ_FLT_INFO as OQ); btr_scan(1) 47 #BLKUP2: [1, 385, 247]; IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FI) 48 #SSEK2: [1, 385, 247]; scan_type(ASC), IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FNF as FI), scan_range[(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',min),(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',max))
表数据量：
上面SQL跑28秒，返回8行数据，还是挺慢的。
DM哥们说他已经加个HINT对 or 进行整体优化，但是还要跑12秒，客户不接受，所以找到我来看看。?
加HINT优化方案：
SELECT /*+ OPTIMIZER_OR_NBEXP(2) */ LI.STATUS, FI.SOFL_SEQ_NR ,PI.CLAZZ,PI.HV_TYPE
FROM LNF LI, PNF PI, FNF FI
WHERE 1=1
AND LI.ALN_CD = DECODE(FI.ALN_CD, 'OQ', 'CZ', FI.ALN_CD)
and li.dep_arp_cd = fi.act_dep_cd
and li.flt_nr = DECODE(fi.aln_cd,'OQ',substr(( select cz_flt_nr from OQ_FLT_INFO oq where substr(oq.oq_flt_nr,3,4)= fi.flt_nr) ,3,4), fi.flt_nr)
and li.FLT_DT=FI.FLT_DT
AND LI.FK_PSGR_ID = PI.PSGR_ID
AND (PI.HV_TYPE IS NOT NULL OR PI.CLAZZ IN ('F', 'F1', 'J', 'C', 'D', 'I', 'O'))
and FI.FLT_DT=date'2024-04-01'
and FI.SCH_DEP_CD='CAN'
ORDER BY FI.SOFL_SEQ_NR ;
加HINT后执行计划：
1 #NSET2: [1372, 278014, 608] 2 #PIPE2: [1372, 278014, 608] 3 #PRJT2: [1371, 278014, 608]; exp_num(4), is_atom(FALSE) 4 #SORT3: [1371, 278014, 608]; key_num(1), is_distinct(FALSE), top_flag(0), is_adaptive(0) 5 #SLCT2: [1317, 278014, 608]; LI.FLT_NR = exp_simple_case 6 #HASH2 INNER JOIN: [1317, 278014, 608]; KEY_NUM(2); KEY(FI.ACT_DEP_CD=LI.DEP_ARP_CD AND exp_simple_case=LI.ALN_CD) KEY_NULL_EQU(0, 0) 7 #BLKUP2: [1, 385, 247]; IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FI) 8 #SSEK2: [1, 385, 247]; scan_type(ASC), IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FNF as FI), scan_range[(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',min),(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',max)) 9 #SLCT2: [1307, 37479, 361]; (NOT(PI.HV_TYPE IS NULL) OR PI.CLAZZ IN LIST) 10 #HASH2 INNER JOIN: [1307, 37479, 361]; RKEY_UNIQUE KEY_NUM(1); KEY(LI.FK_PSGR_ID=PI.PSGR_ID) KEY_NULL_EQU(0) 11 #SLCT2: [1307, 37479, 361]; (NOT(PI.HV_TYPE IS NULL) OR PI.CLAZZ IN LIST) 12 #NEST LOOP INDEX JOIN2: [1307, 37479, 361] 13 #ACTRL: [1307, 37479, 361]; 14 #BLKUP2: [1032, 37479, 235]; INDEX_LU_INTO_TAG_0416(LI) 15 #SLCT2: [1032, 37479, 235]; LI.FLT_DT = var2 16 #SSCN: [1032, 37479, 235]; INDEX_LU_INTO_TAG_0416(LNF as LI); btr_scan(1) 17 #BLKUP2: [244, 1, 30]; INDEX33555482(PI) 18 #SSEK2: [244, 1, 30]; scan_type(ASC), INDEX33555482(PNF as PI), scan_range[LI.FK_PSGR_ID,LI.FK_PSGR_ID] 19 #CSCN2: [467, 3573399, 126]; INDEX33555481(PNF as PI); btr_scan(1) 20 #SPL2: [1, 279, 343]; key_num(2), spool_num(0), is_atom(FALSE), has_var(0), sites(-) 21 #PRJT2: [1, 279, 343]; exp_num(2), is_atom(FALSE) 22 #HASH2 INNER JOIN: [1, 279, 343]; KEY_NUM(1); KEY(exp11=FI.FLT_NR) KEY_NULL_EQU(0) 23 #CSCN2: [1, 279, 96]; INDEX33555478(OQ_FLT_INFO as OQ); btr_scan(1) 24 #BLKUP2: [1, 385, 247]; IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FI) 25 #SSEK2: [1, 385, 247]; scan_type(ASC), IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FNF as FI), scan_range[(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',min),(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',max))
HINT 执行时间：
12秒对原来的28秒来说已经提升了很大的空间，但是客户表示不满意：ORACLE能秒出结果，到了达梦以后执行时间多了12倍，接受不了。?
无解，最后找到哥，看看能不能帮他让这条SQL"秒出结果"。?
简单看了看，加索引和使用HINT都不好使，只能等价改写了，再创建合适的索引，让这条SQL走上新的索引。
等价改写 + 索引优化方案：
SELECT LI.STATUS,
FI.SOFL_SEQ_NR,
PI.CLAZZ,
PI.HV_TYPE
FROM LNF LI
INNER JOIN (SELECT ACT_DEP_CD,
FLT_DT,
SOFL_SEQ_NR,
DECODE(ALN_CD, 'OQ', 'CZ', ALN_CD) V1,
DECODE(ALN_CD, 'OQ', SUBSTR(
(SELECT CZ_FLT_NR FROM OQ_FLT_INFO OQ WHERE SUBSTR(OQ.OQ_FLT_NR, 3, 4) = FLT_NR), 3,
4), FLT_NR) V2
FROM FNF
WHERE FLT_DT = DATE'2024-04-01'
AND SCH_DEP_CD = 'CAN'
AND ROWNUM > 0) FI
ON LI.DEP_ARP_CD = FI.ACT_DEP_CD AND LI.FLT_DT = FI.FLT_DT AND LI.ALN_CD = FI.V1 AND
LI.FLT_NR = FI.V2
INNER JOIN (WITH PI AS (SELECT PSGR_ID, HV_TYPE, CLAZZ
FROM PNF)
SELECT DISTINCT PSGR_ID, HV_TYPE, CLAZZ
FROM (SELECT PSGR_ID, HV_TYPE, CLAZZ
FROM PI
WHERE (PI.HV_TYPE IS NOT NULL)
UNION ALL
SELECT PSGR_ID, HV_TYPE, CLAZZ
FROM PI
WHERE PI.CLAZZ IN ('F', 'F1', 'J', 'C', 'D', 'I', 'O'))) PI ON LI.FK_PSGR_ID = PI.PSGR_ID
ORDER BY FI.SOFL_SEQ_NR;
-- 加索引：
create index idx_pi_1_2 on PNF( PSGR_ID,CLAZZ,HV_TYPE );
create index idx_fi_1_2 on FNF ( act_dep_cd,FLT_DT );
CREATE index idx_1_2_3_FI on FNF(FLT_DT,SCH_DEP_CD,act_dep_cd,SOFL_SEQ_NR);
CREATE index idx_1_2_3_li on LNF(ALN_CD,dep_arp_cd,flt_nr,FLT_DT,FK_PSGR_ID,STATUS);
CREATE index idx_1_2_3 on FNF(FLT_DT,SCH_DEP_CD);
优化后执行计划：
#NSET2: [821, 385, 596] 2 #PIPE2: [821, 385, 596] 3 #PRJT2: [821, 385, 596]; exp_num(4), is_atom(FALSE) 4 #SORT3: [821, 385, 596]; key_num(1), is_distinct(FALSE), top_flag(0), is_adaptive(0) 5 #SLCT2: [820, 385, 596]; LI.FK_PSGR_ID = PI.PSGR_ID 6 #NEST LOOP INNER JOIN2: [820, 385, 596]; [with var] 7 #HASH2 INNER JOIN: [2, 385, 470]; KEY_NUM(4); KEY(FI.ACT_DEP_CD=LI.DEP_ARP_CD AND FI.FLT_DT=LI.FLT_DT AND FI.V1=LI.ALN_CD AND FI.V2=LI.FLT_NR) KEY_NULL_EQU(0, 0, 0, 0) 8 #NEST LOOP INDEX JOIN2: [2, 385, 470] 9 #ACTRL: [2, 385, 470]; 10 #PRJT2: [1, 385, 235]; exp_num(5), is_atom(FALSE) 11 #RN: [1, 385, 235] 12 #BLKUP2: [1, 385, 235]; IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FNF) 13 #SSEK2: [1, 385, 235]; scan_type(ASC), IDX_FLIGHT_INFO02(FNF), scan_range[(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',min),(exp_cast(2024-04-01),'CAN',max)) 14 #SSEK2: [1, 1, 235]; scan_type(ASC), IDX_1_2_3_LI(LNF as LI), scan_range[(FI.V1,FI.ACT_DEP_CD,FI.V2,FI.FLT_DT,min,min),(FI.V1,FI.ACT_DEP_CD,FI.V2,FI.FLT_DT,max,max)) 15 #SSCN: [989, 6461936, 235]; IDX_1_2_3_LI(LNF as LI); btr_scan(1) 16 #PRJT2: [2, 1, 126]; exp_num(3), is_atom(FALSE) 17 #DISTINCT: [2, 1, 126] 18 #PRJT2: [1, 2, 126]; exp_num(3), is_atom(FALSE) 19 #UNION ALL: [1, 2, 126] 20 #PRJT2: [1, 1, 126]; exp_num(3), is_atom(FALSE) 21 #SLCT2: [1, 1, 126]; NOT(PNF.HV_TYPE IS NULL) 22 #BLKUP2: [1, 1, 126]; INDEX33555482(PNF) 23 #SSEK2: [1, 1, 126]; scan_type(ASC), INDEX33555482(PNF), scan_range[var4,var4] 24 #PRJT2: [1, 1, 126]; exp_num(3), is_atom(FALSE) 25 #HASH RIGHT SEMI JOIN2: [1, 1, 126]; n_keys(1) KEY(DMTEMPVIEW_889228539.colname=PNF.CLAZZ) KEY_NULL_EQU(0) 26 #CONST VALUE LIST: [1, 7, 48]; row_num(7), col_num(1) 27 #BLKUP2: [1, 1, 126]; INDEX33555482(PNF) 28 #SSEK2: [1, 1, 126]; scan_type(ASC), INDEX33555482(PNF), scan_range[var4,var4] 29 #SPL2: [1, 1, 96]; key_num(1), spool_num(0), is_atom(TRUE), has_var(1), sites(-) 30 #PRJT2: [1, 1, 96]; exp_num(1), is_atom(TRUE) 31 #BLKUP2: [1, 6, 96]; INDEX33555479(OQ) 32 #SLCT2: [1, 6, 96]; var3 = exp11 33 #SSCN: [1, 6, 96]; INDEX33555479(OQ_FLT_INFO as OQ); btr_scan(1)
执行时间：
通过改写+创建索引优化后，能做到像ORACLE这样，真"秒出结果"。?
堆表和索引组织表的区别还是蛮大的，以前的老系统，业务SQL写得烂，用堆表跑问题不大，Oracle cbo算法牛逼也抗得住。
但是现在很多国产数据库都是使用索引组织表（IOT表），例如 OB、DM、TIDB 等国产数据库。
由于IOT表的特性在使用场景来说，对些老系统来说并不友好（老系统业务设计随意、业务逻辑较多在数据库层面实现），所以会产生很多性能问题：ORACLE 的索引都迁移到国产数据库了，性能还这么差，为什么没用上原来的索引啥的，等等诸如此类的问题。
要做好国产化适配改造的项目，不能只将重点放在国产数据库厂商对国外数据库功能、特性上的单方面兼容，ISV也要配合国产数据库的特性进行一定程度上业务模型的优化。
感谢各位读者同学能看到这里，如果有一些奇葩的SQL问题也可以联系我。???
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